Cracking RSA Ciphers That Have A Low-exponent

Prof Bill Buchanan OBE FRSE
2 min readJun 5, 2022

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In RSA, we have:

The (mod N) part provides a core part of the security of the method. But when happens when M^e is less than N. Well, the cipher is easily cracked.

Normally, in RSA, we select two prime numbers of equal length (p and q), and then multiply these to give a modulus:

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Prof Bill Buchanan OBE FRSE

Professor of Cryptography. Serial innovator. Believer in fairness, justice & freedom. Based in Edinburgh. Old World Breaker. New World Creator. Building trust.