With public key encryption, Alice could have two possible messages (a ‘0’ or a ‘1’) that she sends to Bob. If Eve knows the possible messages (a ‘0’ or a ‘1’), she will then cipher each one with Bob’s public key and then matches the results against the cipher message that Alice sends. Eve can thus determine what Alice has sent to Bob. In order to overcome this the Blum-Goldwasser method is a public key algorithm that uses a probabilistic public-key encryption scheme [here]:
The encryption method uses the Blum-Blum-Shub (BBS) technique to generate the keystream [here]. Initially we create two prime numbers (p and q), and then calculate N:
N = pq
The public key is N, and the private key is p and q, and where p and q:
p (mod 4) = 3
q (mod 4) = 3
For example we can select p= 239, q= 179, as both will give us 3 when we do a (mod 4) operation:
>>> p=239
>>> q=179
>>> p%4
3
>>> q%4
3The basic method, as defined by Wikipedia, is:
